SQLite – Perl

SQLite – Perl

SQLite – Perl

 

資料來源: http://www.runoob.com/sqlite/sqlite-perl.html

 

 

安裝

SQLite3 可使用 Perl DBI 模組與 Perl 進行集成。Perl DBI 模組是 Perl 程式設計語言的資料庫訪問模組。它定義了一組提供標準資料庫介面的方法、變數及規則。

下面顯示了在 Linux/UNIX 機器上安裝 DBI 模組的簡單步驟:

$ wget http://search.cpan.org/CPAN/authors/id/T/TI/TIMB/DBI-1.625.tar.gz

$ tar xvfz DBI1.625.tar.gz

$ cd DBI1.625

$ perl Makefile.PL

$ make

$ make install

如果您需要為 DBI 安裝 SQLite 驅動程式,那麼可按照以下步驟進行安裝:

$ wget http://search.cpan.org/CPAN/authors/id/M/MS/MSERGEANT/DBD-SQLite-1.11.tar.gz

$ tar xvfz DBDSQLite1.11.tar.gz

$ cd DBDSQLite1.11

$ perl Makefile.PL

$ make

$ make install

DBI 介面 API

以下是重要的 DBI 程式,可以滿足您在 Perl 程式中使用 SQLite 資料庫的需求。如果您需要瞭解更多細節,請查看 Perl DBI 官方文檔。

序號

API & 描述

1

DBI->connect($data_source, “”, “”, \%attr)

建立一個到被請求的 $data_source 的資料庫連接或者 session。如果連接成功,則返回一個資料庫處理物件。

資料來源形式如下所示:DBI:SQLite:dbname=’test.db’。其中,SQLite SQLite 驅動程式名稱,test.db SQLite 資料庫檔的名稱。如果檔案名 filename 賦值為 ‘:memory:’,那麼它將會在 RAM 中創建一個記憶體中資料庫,這只會在 session 的有效時間內持續。

如果檔案名 filename 為實際的設備檔案名稱,那麼它將使用這個參數值嘗試打開資料庫檔。如果該名稱的檔不存在,那麼將創建一個新的命名為該名稱的資料庫檔。

您可以保留第二個和第三個參數為空白字串,最後一個參數用於傳遞各種屬性,詳見下面的實例講解。

2

$dbh->do($sql)

該常式準備並執行一個簡單的 SQL 語句。返回受影響的行數,如果發生錯誤則返回 undef。返回值 -1 意味著行數未知,或不適用 ,或不可用。在這裡,$dbh 是由 DBI->connect() 調用返回的處理。

3

$dbh->prepare($sql)

該常式為資料庫引擎後續執行準備一個語句,並返回一個語句處理物件。

4

$sth->execute()

該常式執行任何執行預準備的語句需要的處理。如果發生錯誤則返回 undef。如果成功執行,則無論受影響的行數是多少,總是返回 true。在這裡,$sth 是由 $dbh->prepare($sql) 調用返回的語句處理。

5

$sth->fetchrow_array()

該常式獲取下一行資料,並以包含各欄位值的列表形式返回。在該列表中,Null 欄位將作為 undef 值返回。

6

$DBI::err

這相當於 $h->err。其中,$h 是任何的處理類型,比如 $dbh$sth $drh。該程式返回最後調用的驅動程式(driver)方法的資料庫引擎錯誤代碼。

7

$DBI::errstr

這相當於 $h->errstr。其中,$h 是任何的處理類型,比如 $dbh$sth $drh。該程式返回最後調用的 DBI 方法的資料庫引擎錯誤消息。

8

$dbh->disconnect()

該常式關閉之前調用 DBI->connect() 打開的資料庫連接。

連接資料庫

下面的 Perl 代碼顯示了如何連接到一個現有的資料庫。如果資料庫不存在,那麼它就會被創建,最後將返回一個資料庫物件。

#!/usr/bin/perl

 

use DBI;

use strict;

 

my $driver   = “SQLite”;

my $database = “test.db”;

my $dsn = “DBI:$driver:dbname=$database”;

my $userid = “”;

my $password = “”;

my $dbh = DBI->connect($dsn, $userid, $password, { RaiseError => 1 })

                      or die $DBI::errstr;

 

print “Opened database successfully\n”;

現在,讓我們來運行上面的程式,在目前的目錄中創建我們的資料庫 test.db。您可以根據需要改變路徑。保存上面代碼到 sqlite.pl 檔中,並按如下所示執行。如果資料庫成功創建,那麼會顯示下面所示的消息:

$ chmod +x sqlite.pl

$ ./sqlite.pl

Open database successfully

創建表

下面的 Perl 程式碼片段將用於在先前創建的資料庫中創建一個表:

#!/usr/bin/perl

 

use DBI;

use strict;

 

my $driver   = “SQLite”;

my $database = “test.db”;

my $dsn = “DBI:$driver:dbname=$database”;

my $userid = “”;

my $password = “”;

my $dbh = DBI->connect($dsn, $userid, $password, { RaiseError => 1 })

                      or die $DBI::errstr;

print “Opened database successfully\n”;

 

my $stmt = qq(CREATE TABLE COMPANY

      (ID INT PRIMARY KEY     NOT NULL,

       NAME           TEXT    NOT NULL,

       AGE            INT     NOT NULL,

       ADDRESS        CHAR(50),

       SALARY         REAL););

my $rv = $dbh->do($stmt);

if($rv < 0){

   print $DBI::errstr;

} else {

   print “Table created successfully\n”;

}

$dbh->disconnect();

上述程式執行時,它會在 test.db 中創建 COMPANY 表,並顯示下面所示的消息:

Opened database successfully

Table created successfully

注意:如果您在任何操作中遇到了下面的錯誤: in case you see following error in any of the operation:

DBD::SQLite::st execute failed: not an error(21) at dbdimp.c line 398

在這種情況下,您已經在 DBD-SQLite 安裝中打開了可用的 dbdimp.c 檔,找到 sqlite3_prepare() 函數,並把它的第三個參數 0 改為 -1。最後使用 make  make install 安裝 DBD::SQLite,即可解決問題。 in this case you will have open dbdimp.c file available in DBD-SQLite installation and find out sqlite3_prepare() function and change its third argument to -1 instead of 0. Finally install DBD::SQLite using make and do make install to resolve the problem.

INSERT 操作

下面的 Perl 程式顯示了如何在上面創建的 COMPANY 表中創建記錄:

#!/usr/bin/perl

 

use DBI;

use strict;

 

my $driver   = “SQLite”;

my $database = “test.db”;

my $dsn = “DBI:$driver:dbname=$database”;

my $userid = “”;

my $password = “”;

my $dbh = DBI->connect($dsn, $userid, $password, { RaiseError => 1 })

                      or die $DBI::errstr;

print “Opened database successfully\n”;

 

my $stmt = qq(INSERT INTO COMPANY (ID,NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY)

      VALUES (1, ‘Paul’, 32, ‘California’, 20000.00 ));

my $rv = $dbh->do($stmt) or die $DBI::errstr;

 

$stmt = qq(INSERT INTO COMPANY (ID,NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY)

      VALUES (2, ‘Allen’, 25, ‘Texas’, 15000.00 ));

$rv = $dbh->do($stmt) or die $DBI::errstr;

 

$stmt = qq(INSERT INTO COMPANY (ID,NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY)

      VALUES (3, ‘Teddy’, 23, ‘Norway’, 20000.00 ));

$rv = $dbh->do($stmt) or die $DBI::errstr;

 

$stmt = qq(INSERT INTO COMPANY (ID,NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY)

      VALUES (4, ‘Mark’, 25, ‘Rich-Mond ‘, 65000.00 ););

$rv = $dbh->do($stmt) or die $DBI::errstr;

 

print “Records created successfully\n”;

$dbh->disconnect();

上述程式執行時,它會在 COMPANY 表中創建給定記錄,並會顯示以下兩行:

Opened database successfully

Records created successfully

SELECT 操作

下面的 Perl 程式顯示了如何從前面創建的 COMPANY 表中獲取並顯示記錄:

#!/usr/bin/perl

 

use DBI;

use strict;

 

my $driver   = “SQLite”;

my $database = “test.db”;

my $dsn = “DBI:$driver:dbname=$database”;

my $userid = “”;

my $password = “”;

my $dbh = DBI->connect($dsn, $userid, $password, { RaiseError => 1 })

                      or die $DBI::errstr;

print “Opened database successfully\n”;

 

my $stmt = qq(SELECT id, name, address, salary  from COMPANY;);

my $sth = $dbh->prepare( $stmt );

my $rv = $sth->execute() or die $DBI::errstr;

if($rv < 0){

   print $DBI::errstr;

}

while(my @row = $sth->fetchrow_array()) {

      print “ID = “. $row[0] . “\n”;

      print “NAME = “. $row[1] .“\n”;

      print “ADDRESS = “. $row[2] .“\n”;

      print “SALARY =  “. $row[3] .“\n\n”;

}

print “Operation done successfully\n”;

$dbh->disconnect();

上述程式執行時,它會產生以下結果:

Opened database successfully

ID = 1

NAME = Paul

ADDRESS = California

SALARY =  20000

 

ID = 2

NAME = Allen

ADDRESS = Texas

SALARY =  15000

 

ID = 3

NAME = Teddy

ADDRESS = Norway

SALARY =  20000

 

ID = 4

NAME = Mark

ADDRESS = RichMond

SALARY =  65000

 

Operation done successfully

UPDATE 操作

下面的 Perl 代碼顯示了如何使用 UPDATE 語句來更新任何記錄,然後從 COMPANY 表中獲取並顯示更新的記錄:

#!/usr/bin/perl

 

use DBI;

use strict;

 

my $driver   = “SQLite”;

my $database = “test.db”;

my $dsn = “DBI:$driver:dbname=$database”;

my $userid = “”;

my $password = “”;

my $dbh = DBI->connect($dsn, $userid, $password, { RaiseError => 1 })

                      or die $DBI::errstr;

print “Opened database successfully\n”;

 

my $stmt = qq(UPDATE COMPANY set SALARY = 25000.00 where ID=1;);

my $rv = $dbh->do($stmt) or die $DBI::errstr;

if( $rv < 0 ){

   print $DBI::errstr;

}else{

   print “Total number of rows updated : $rv\n”;

}

$stmt = qq(SELECT id, name, address, salary  from COMPANY;);

my $sth = $dbh->prepare( $stmt );

$rv = $sth->execute() or die $DBI::errstr;

if($rv < 0){

   print $DBI::errstr;

}

while(my @row = $sth->fetchrow_array()) {

      print “ID = “. $row[0] . “\n”;

      print “NAME = “. $row[1] .“\n”;

      print “ADDRESS = “. $row[2] .“\n”;

      print “SALARY =  “. $row[3] .“\n\n”;

}

print “Operation done successfully\n”;

$dbh->disconnect();

上述程式執行時,它會產生以下結果:

Opened database successfully

Total number of rows updated : 1

ID = 1

NAME = Paul

ADDRESS = California

SALARY =  25000

 

ID = 2

NAME = Allen

ADDRESS = Texas

SALARY =  15000

 

ID = 3

NAME = Teddy

ADDRESS = Norway

SALARY =  20000

 

ID = 4

NAME = Mark

ADDRESS = RichMond

SALARY =  65000

 

Operation done successfully

DELETE 操作

下面的 Perl 代碼顯示了如何使用 DELETE 語句刪除任何記錄,然後從 COMPANY 表中獲取並顯示剩餘的記錄:

#!/usr/bin/perl

 

use DBI;

use strict;

 

my $driver   = “SQLite”;

my $database = “test.db”;

my $dsn = “DBI:$driver:dbname=$database”;

my $userid = “”;

my $password = “”;

my $dbh = DBI->connect($dsn, $userid, $password, { RaiseError => 1 })

                      or die $DBI::errstr;

print “Opened database successfully\n”;

 

my $stmt = qq(DELETE from COMPANY where ID=2;);

my $rv = $dbh->do($stmt) or die $DBI::errstr;

if( $rv < 0 ){

   print $DBI::errstr;

}else{

   print “Total number of rows deleted : $rv\n”;

}

$stmt = qq(SELECT id, name, address, salary  from COMPANY;);

my $sth = $dbh->prepare( $stmt );

$rv = $sth->execute() or die $DBI::errstr;

if($rv < 0){

   print $DBI::errstr;

}

while(my @row = $sth->fetchrow_array()) {

      print “ID = “. $row[0] . “\n”;

      print “NAME = “. $row[1] .“\n”;

      print “ADDRESS = “. $row[2] .“\n”;

      print “SALARY =  “. $row[3] .“\n\n”;

}

print “Operation done successfully\n”;

$dbh->disconnect();

上述程式執行時,它會產生以下結果:

Opened database successfully

Total number of rows deleted : 1

ID = 1

NAME = Paul

ADDRESS = California

SALARY =  25000

 

ID = 3

NAME = Teddy

ADDRESS = Norway

SALARY =  20000

 

ID = 4

NAME = Mark

ADDRESS = RichMond

SALARY =  65000

 

Operation done successfully

 

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